Everything about Rafael De Nogales M Ndez totally explained
Rafael Inchauspe Méndez, known as
Rafael de Nogales Méndez (
San Cristóba,Táchira,
October 14,
1879 -
Panama City,
July 10,
1936) was a
Venezuelan military mercenary and writer.
De Nogales studied in
Germany,
Belgium and
Spain, and spoke various languages fluently. He took part in several conflicts in the last part of the
19th century and the beginning of the
20th: in
1898 in the
Spanish-American War; in 1902 in the Revolución Libertadora of Venezuela; in
1904 in the
First Sino-Japanese War. He returned to Venezuela in
1908, after the military coup of
Juan Vicente Gómez that overthrew the dictator
Cipriano Castro. Even so, he went back to exile after making himself an enemy of the new president.
When
World War I began, after unsuccessfully attempting to join a number of European armies, he enlisted in the Ottoman Army, where he reached the rank of
Bey. He directed artillery against Armenians during the
Van Resistance. He later wrote a book describing his experiences with the Ottoman Army in World War I as well as witnessing the massacres of Armenians in
Bitlis,
Siirt and
Van during the
Armenian Genocide.
He fought in the Turkish lines during the entire war, and was awarded the Iron Cross of first class by the hands of the
Káiser Wilhelm II.
Post War
After the war ended, he worked with the
Nicaraguan revolutionary
Augusto César Sandino. Additionally, he spent time in
Alaska during the time of the gold rush there, and also worked as a cowboy in
Arizona.
He wrote several books about his experiences:
Memorias del general Rafael de Nogales Méndez,
Cuatro años bajo la Media Luna, about his experiences as an officer of the Ottoman Empire, and
El saqueo de Nicaragua. His commentaries about the atrocitites committed against the Armenian people by the Turkish government, in the book Cuatro años bajo la Media Luna, is one of many Western testimonies about the
Armenian Genocide.
Books
- De Nogales, Rafael. Four Years Beneath The Crescent. London: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926. Most recently republished as: Four Years Under the Crescent
(Sterndale Classics) ISBN 1-903656-19-2
- De Nogales, Rafael. Memoirs of a soldier of Fortune. New York: Garden City Publishing Company, Inc., 1932. Recently republished in paperback.
Bibliography
Almarza, Pedro: Nogales Bey. San Cristóbal, Diculta, 1997. ISBN 980-330-028-8.
Nogales Méndez, Rafael de: Memorias. Traducción y prólogo de Ana Mercedes Pérez. Caracas, Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1991. ISBN 980-276-162-1
Further Information
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